Functional Programming

Functional Programming concepts focus on programming using Pure Functions and avoiding Shared State or Mutable Data.

Pure Functions

Pure Functions are functions with the following properties:

• Always produce the same Output when given the same Input (Deterministic).
• Have no Side Effects or modifications to State outside the function.

Immutability

Immutability means that Data cannot be modified after it is created. If Data needs to be changed, new Data must be created instead of modifying the existing Data.

Higher-Order Functions

Higher-Order Functions are functions that can accept other functions as Arguments or return an Output as a function. This helps in Function Composition and creating highly flexible Abstractions.

Declarative vs Imperative

• Declarative: Writing code that describes what the desired outcome is (What to do), such as using map, filter, or reduce.
• Imperative: Writing code that specifies detailed execution steps (How to do), such as using a for loop to change State variables.